How cell phones works

One of the most interesting things about a cell phone is that it is really a radio. Before cell phones, people who needed mobile communications ability installed radio telephones in their cars. In the radio telephone system, there was one central antenna tower per city, and perhaps 25 channels available on that tower. The cellular phone system divides the area of a city into small cells. This allows extensive frequency reuse across a city, so that millions of people can use cell phones simultaneously.
Here's how it works: The carrier chops up an area, such as a city, into cells. Each cell is typically sized at about 10 square miles (perhaps 3 miles x 3 miles). Cells are normally thought of as hexagons on a big hexagonal grid. Each cell has a base station that consists of a tower and a small building containing the radio equipment. Cell phones have low-power transmitters in them and the base station is also transmitting at low power. Low-power transmitters have two advantages:
The power consumption of the cell phone, which is normally battery-operated, is relatively low. Low power means small batteries, and this is what has made handheld cellular phones possible.
The transmissions of a base station and the phones within its cell do not make it very far outside that cell. Therefore, cells can use the same 56 frequencies. The same frequencies can be reused extensively across the city. The cellular approach requires a large number of base stations in a city of any size. A typical large city can have hundreds of towers. But because so many people are using cell phones, costs remain fairly low per user. Each carrier in each city also runs one central office called the Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO). This office handles all of the phone connections to the normal land-based phone system, and controls all of the base stations in the region.

jokes

Cigarette: A pinch of tobacco rolled in paper withfire at one end & a fool on the other.
Etc.: A sign to make others believe,you know more thanyou actually do.
Love affairs: Something like cricket where one-dayinternationals are more popular than a five day test.
.Marriage: It's an agreement in which a man loses hisbachelor's degree and a woman gains her master's.
Classic: A book which people praise, but do not read.
Diplomat: A person who tells you to go to hell in sucha way that you actually look forward to the trip.
Politician: One who shakes your hand before electionsand your confidence after.
Committee: Individuals who can do nothing individuallyand sit to decide that nothing can be done together.
Ecstasy: A feeling when you feel you are going to feela feelingyou have never felt before.
Office: A place where you can relax after yourstrenuous home life.

Conference Room: A place where everybody talks, nobodylistens & everybody disagrees later on.
Dictionary: A place where divorce comes beforemarriage .
Tears: The hydraulic force by which masculinewill-power is defeated by feminine water-power .
Compromise: The art of dividing a cake in such a waythat everybody beleives he got the biggest piece .
Conference: The confusion of one man multiplied by thenumber present...Opportunists: One who starts having a bath when he/sheaccidently falls in a river ...
Lecture: An art of transferring information from thenotes of the lecturer to the notes of the studentswithout passing through "the minds of either".
College: A place where some pursue learning and otherslearn pursuing.
Pessimist: A person who says that O is the last letterin ZERO, instead of the first letter in wordOPPORTUNITY
Miser: A person who lives poor so that he can dierich.
Optimist: A person who while falling from Eiffel towersays in midway "See I am not injured yet"
Smile: A curve that can set a lot of things straight.
Divorce: Future tense of marriage.
These jokes where sent to me fromvu3prx@yahoo.com

INTERVIEW ATTIRE

Choice of apparel matters as far as the interview is concerned. You don’t get a second chance to make a first impression. Below are some widely accepted guidelines.

GUIDELINES FOR WOMEN
Two piece business suit: Dark blue or gray; dry cleaned and pressed; Tailored to fit well; Conservative in style, Not flashy; Skirt preferred over pants.

Closed toe shoes: Solid dark blue or black to match the suit; Conservative; heels 2.5” or less; Well polished; not noisy ; Leather; Avoid snake skin or textures; Good fitting.

White or ivory shirt: Conservative style; Lines of shirt collar or neck complements or coordinates with lines of jacket lapel or shape; Quality, natural fabric like silk or cotton; Dry cleaned and pressed; not sheer or revealing.

Sheer hosiery: Good fitting; not elephant ankles or snags; Skin colour, bring an extra, new pair in your briefcase; in case you run the hosiery, you can stop on the way to change.

Watch: Wear a conservative watch that is running and will not beep during the interview.

Simple make-up: Avoid bright or excessive make-up; Foundation close to natural skin tone; Soft shade of lipstick; Mascara – no false lashes; Subtle eye liner, if any, Natural toned eye shadow, if any; Subtle blush; Light powder.

Groomed nails; Clean neatly groomed nails and cuticles; Sheer pink or beige polish; No nail ornaments; reasonable in length.

Attractive hair style: Well styled hair, cut to complement face; no large hair clips or barrettes.


GUIDELINES FOR MEN

Two piece business suit: Dark blue or gray; dry cleaned and pressed; Tailored to fit well; Conservative in style, Not flashy dress. White dress shirt; 100% cotton; Button tabs or point collar, rather than button down; No stains or holes; Long sleeved only.

Dress shoes: Polished; good condition or new; Black or cordovan; Lace-up shoes are preferred to slip-ons; No tassels; Never wear loafers; If new, wear for at least one day to break them in.

Dark socks: Black over the calf socks that will not slide down.

Leather belt: Solid colour matching shoes; Metal buckle matching Jewelry; Conservative buckle; if you wear braces, don’t wear a belt.

Silk neck tie: Four in hand knot; bottom of tie to touch top of belt buckle; Conservative design; 100% silk; new or in good condition.

Attrative hairstyle: Well styled hair; Short cuts are better;p Clean; light gel or no gel; Cut one week before interview rather than one day before; Beareds and mustaches may be offensive to some employers.

Interview On culture of mobility -Aditya Dev Sood

Interview:
How would you define mobility?
Mobility is the ability to manage time, location and information effectively.The world's ongoing mobile revolution promises to allow new access to communities with low human, institutional and media densities. Mobile technologies - both products and services - promise to provide alternatives for those who now suffer from poor physical infrastructure, including a lack of roads, transport networks, reliable electricity and varieties of communications media.
How has increased mobility affected your life, both professionally and socially?
Mobile access is essential for running a company across three cities, and for international business trips. I began the company in 2002, so I can't imagine how people did it in the bad old days.
Is life becoming easier or more complicated?
Hah!It's murder trying to discuss visual design elements over the phone; that's been true for a while. Trying to do so under conditions of mobility, pacing and cursing, gesticulating and imagining what the other party might be saying and meaning, is always a futile exercise.Mobility facilitates the coordination of face-to-face communication, which is a precondition for resolution of the complications of everyday life.
What aspects of mobility would you enhance to make your life even easier?Even easier?
Never signed off on that! See above!I need mobile printing.I need a location-based contacts diary.I need a location-based buddy listing.I need a true global clock.I need help integrating every new phone into my life.Describe a typical day in your life.9.15 Hit traffic jam.Call office and complain about traffic jam.Give instructions over phone in advance of my arrival.Call family and complain about Bangalore traffic.Call friends and complain about Bangalore traffic.Listen to radio to discover alternative routes.Check possible routes with the office.Drive using human real-time duplex voice remote navigation.10.30 Hit work.Email, email, email.11.00 Iced tea and delayed meeting with admin team.Admin - We want to build a lab with a one-way viewing mirror.Finance - We have to prepare our annual report for directors.HR - We want to hire new people, but we'd have to fire someone first.12.30 Early lunch in office cafeteria with potential venture partner.1.30 Telecon with London/Beijing. 2.00 Review of visual stimulus for concept-development workshop (project #1).4.00 Field research planning meeting (project #2).5.00 Telecon with Mumbai/Delhi.Timeline possible upcoming projects with Indian tech companies.5.30 Review data from the field (project #3).Critique field implementations of research tools.Sociologically analyze photographs and diagrammatic data.Run team exercise on collaborative concept development.Train designers and field staff.8.30 Leave office.
How is mobility important in relation to your work/cause?
There are 75 million mobile phone subscriptions in India, and we might see 270 million active connections by 2010. This means one in five Indians will have a mobile phone, and almost every household in India will be connected. The mobile phone must now be seen as an essential platform through which to deliver social welfare and other institutional services. This can truly change the lives of the vast majority of Indians, especially those who do not live in urban centers.
Why should we care about what you do?
At CKS we are interested in harnessing the capabilities of new technologies for emerging economies such as India's. We believe that our approach will ensure that the maximum benefit of these capabilities can reach the largest numbers of people who would be otherwise most disadvantaged in terms of their access to social and institutional resources.Although we are based in India, we have developed new conversations and partnerships with like-minded organizations in Latin America, East Asia and Africa. These partnerships will be key to ensuring that the work we do in India has global consequences.
Who in your professional experience has particularly inspired you, and why?
Natalie Jeremijenko is a media artist and design engineer based in New York and San Diego. Her work is always shocking and yet profound, tongue-in-cheek yet irrefutable in its foundational insight and questioning. Yao Bin is the curator of 11-art.com, a media art center in Beijing that attracts artists from China and around the world to examine the poetic possibilities of communications technology. Artists seek to make beauty and meaning in the world, he says; their efforts are not driven by the desire for money.Juha Huuskonen is the founder and producer of the pixelACHE DJ/VJ festival, which has taken place in Helsinki, Stockholm, Paris, Bogota and Sao Paolo, and will perhaps come to New Delhi in 2007. Juha's events are un-selfconsciously about pleasure - visual, acoustic, tactile, sensory, intellectual, discursive and technologically mediated. They're also run on a shoestring off his laptop and remote server.Ashok Jhunjhunwala is the founder and head of the Tenet Research Group at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras in Chennai. An electronic engineering professor, he has become more and more influential in all conversations having to do with the use of technology in rural areas ofIndia. Until recently he didn't have a mobile phone, but I believe that's now changed. He was one of the first to believe in CKS, and remains an important orientation point for CKS.
What can be done in the long term to sustain the work you're doing now?
The work we do at CKS becomes viable only when a society becomes responsible for its own technological bases, and comes to understand that it must imagine, design and develop the technologies that it needs. There is no question that India is on the threshold of that moment.Insofar as CKS remains solvent and sustainable, our work will continue to be cut out for us, as Indian and other emerging-economy companies become responsible for more and more complex chunks of the global techno-ecology.
What is your biggest anxiety and consolation when you think of the future?
Rapid change that leads to a better future for all can still be traumatic. Change itself needs to be better designed.I think India's experience in the last 30 years compares favorably with other parts of the (then) developing world, including China, South Africa and Brazil.I am concerned that other parts of the world might experience extreme shocks and waves of uncertainty if the different sectors of their society are not in alignment with one another. I am concerned that India's achievements so far in this regard may come to be lost, for any number of reasons that cannot be anticipated.I am concerned that ecological sensibilities and an orientation toward sustainable and equitable futures are not innate to Indians, nor are they widely ingrained in Indian public institutions.
How can we (Joe and Jane Public) help fight from your corner?
Demand better-designed and easier-to-use products and services that are also responsible socially, culturally and ecologically. Demand more, be more expressive of your needs and choose your needs with consideration for your own context and environment.
What will you be concentrating on next?
One of the most important things we can do at CKS is to help frame the debate on financial services on the mobile platform. Better and more responsive, not to mention cheaper, financial services for more individuals who live in remote areas around the world can radically reduce these individuals' uncertainty, risk and anxiety. It can also lead to greater equity and participation in the benefits of a regulated yet free market and (post) money economy.
And in ten years?
Pretty much the same. Some possible areas of work:- Social capital exchanges- Interactive television experiences- Cars as mobile media stations- Intelligent landscapes and geolocative services- Ungreenhousing technologies that are easier to use.